mStocks

Bridge and mStocks

How Robinhood stock tokens reach Avalanche 1:1, and how stock orders work.

Robinhood issues tokenized stocks on Robinhood Chain. The AvaxHook bridge brings them to Avalanche as mStocks: mNVDA, mTSLA and the rest. Each one is backed 1:1 by the real stock token held in escrow, and each is a plain ERC-20, so a launch can be paired with a stock and its Uniswap pool priced in it.

What an mStock is

1 mNVDA is a claim on 1 NVDA token locked in the escrow contract on Robinhood Chain. Only the bridge can mint mStocks, and it mints only after the same amount has been locked. Burning an mStock releases the stock. So the mStock supply on Avalanche never exceeds the stock held in escrow.

On Robinhood ChainOn AvalancheCompany
NVDAmNVDANVIDIA
TSLAmTSLATesla
AAPLmAAPLApple
SPYmSPYSPDR S&P 500 ETF
AMZNmAMZNAmazon
MSFTmMSFTMicrosoft
GOOGLmGOOGLAlphabet
METAmMETAMeta

Bridging to Avalanche

  1. 1

    Lock the stock

    On the Bridge tab, pick the stock and amount. Your wallet sends it to the escrow contract on Robinhood Chain.
  2. 2

    Validators sign

    Each validator waits until the lock is final on Robinhood Chain, checks it, and signs a message saying who gets how much.
  3. 3

    mStock is minted

    Once a majority has signed, a relayer submits the signatures on Avalanche and the gateway mints the same amount of mStock to you. This usually takes about a minute.

Bridging back

The return trip mirrors the first. You burn mStock on Avalanche, the validators sign the burn, and the escrow releases the same amount of the real stock to your Robinhood Chain address. You can send it to a different address in either direction.

Fees and price

The bridge charges no fee: the amount you send is the amount you get, in both directions. You pay only network gas on the chain where you start. The mStock price follows the real stock because anyone can mint or redeem at 1:1. When mNVDA trades above NVDA, people lock and sell. When it trades below, they buy and redeem.

Buy and sell stocks without bridging

If you don't hold stock tokens on Robinhood Chain, use the Buy & sell stocks tab instead. You pay with USDC, USDt or AVAX on Avalanche and receive mStock. You can also go straight into a launch token that is paired with that stock.

  1. 1

    Place an order

    Choose the stock, the amount and the lowest amount you will accept. Your payment waits in the StockOrders contract, not with anyone else.
  2. 2

    A solver fills it

    A solver buys the real stock, locks it in escrow and gets the mStock minted, then fills your order. The contract pays the solver only after you receive at least your minimum.
  3. 3

    Or get a refund

    Every order has a deadline between 2 minutes and 2 hours. If it is not filled by then, anyone can cancel it and the payment goes back to you.

Selling works the same way in reverse. Your mStock, or a stock-paired launch token, waits in the contract. The solver pays you in the token you chose, takes the mStock, and burns it to release the stock.

What an order costs

The quote shown before you order uses live prices minus a 0.5% solver spread and a 0.3% protocol fee. It is only an estimate. Your real protection is the minimum you set: it is what you receive after every fee, and an order is never filled below it. The protocol fee is charged only when an order fills, so an expired order refunds 100%.

Safety

GuardWhat it does
ValidatorsA strict majority of at least three independent validators must sign every mint and release
One-time signaturesEach signature names its source chain, destination chain, contract and nonce, so it works exactly once
Escrow capA release can never pay out more of a stock than the escrow holds for it
Daily limitsEach stock has a daily limit on both chains, counted in shares
PauseA guardian can pause the bridge or a single stock; the 2-of-3 Safe that owns the contracts unpauses it

Pairing a launch with a stock

Pick an mStock under Pair with on the launch form. The curve and the Uniswap pool are then priced in that stock, and buyers pay with it. People without the stock can still buy through a stock order, which zaps their USDC, USDt or AVAX into your token.

Heads up

Robinhood offers its stock tokens to eligible users in specific regions, and can pause or upgrade them. While a stock is paused on Robinhood Chain, bridging that stock in either direction stops until it resumes. Stock orders fill asynchronously, and how fast they fill depends on solver liquidity and market hours.